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A and B are both potential limitations of case-control studies as they can be time-consuming and expensive to conduct. However, the primary limitation of case-control studies is that they cannot reliably determine cause and effect relationships. This is due to the retrospective design where researchers look back at past exposures and outcomes, making it difficult to establish a clear temporal relationship. Additionally, case-control studies are also prone to bias and confounding factors which further limits their ability to establish causality. Therefore, option C is the most accurate and comprehensive limitation of case-control studies.